| 1.2 Million Years Ago | Earliest bones of 'Neanderthal type individuals' found in Furninhas.
Cromagnon bones found in Algar de Salenas, Ponte de Lousa, Loures. Abundant Stone Age, and Bronze Age, Iberian Artifacts Mesolithic, many Megalithic and Neolithic monuments, arrowheads, vases. |
| 25000y | Cave Paintings SanTiago do Escoural. Pebble culture. Iberos, Bracari, Conii |
| 5000BC | Lusitani Citanias (Briteiros). Castrejos; Germanic tribes, Celts.
Alani (Iran).- Pre-Roman population practiced cremation until III Century |
| 1000BC | Phoenicians in Algarve. Extensive trade and small settlements. |
| 237BC | Colonies of Greeks. Carthago (domain ends 209BC; present to V Cent.) |
| 217BC | Lusitans move Capital from Merida to Evora/Roman Incursion Cneio Cipiao |
| 213BC | Rome incursions. |
| 201BC | Rome Invasions. Peace treaties and treason - Romans attempt to kill all tribal chiefs |
| 150BC | Roman General Galba attacks and attempts genocide of Lusitans. Fails.
Rome held at bay for 30 years. Lost 3 Legions in Iberian Peninsula. |
| 140BC | Viriathus makes peace/Roman Provinces established: Further Spain and Near Spain |
| 139BC | Viriathus (Lusitano Chief, had many victories since 154BC) is murdered . |
| 80BC | Sertorio made Chief of Lusitans (Born Roman in 122BC; Turned Lusitan). |
| 72BC | Sertorio is murdered, by treason. |
| 61BC | Julio Caesar went to Hispania as Proprietor. Returned to Rome in 59BC as Consul. Member of the Triumvirate. Cassos Died. Caesar defeated Pompeii becomes Emperor |
| 44BC | Julio Caesar was murdered. (In 27BC Roman Empire golden age starts)
Augustus (43-14BC) decrees administrative frontier changes in Lusitania |
| 7BC | Again decrees frontiers similar to today's Portugal with 3 conventus:
Bracarense (Bracara), Scalabense (Scalabis), Lusitania (Pax Augusta) |
| 217AC | Roman Emperor Caracala makes administrative and geographic changes |
| 284 | Roman Emperor Ducleciano changes frontiers of Portugal and Spain again.
Vias Romanas connect all of Iberian Peninsula and lead to Rome |
| 300 | Christians in Lusitania disciples of ascetic Priscillian
Lusitan's god was Endovelico. Cult Temples in S.Miguel da Mota, Terena, etc. |
| 336 | Roman Emperor Constantino I creates Perfeituras of the Praetorio |
| 406 | Suevi Quado settlers started invading Lusitania- stabilized by year 411BC Originally from near Berlin. Worshipped god Ziu. |
| 410 | Rome is captured by Alaric, king of the Goths and is pillaged |
| 419 | Lusitania invaded by Alanos (from Iran) chief Audax took Bracara in 456
Invasions by Vandalos Silingos (Scandinavia) Chief Fred Ball |
| 457 | Suevi King Rechiarius killed in Portucale by Teodoric II.
Suevi kingdom goes to Son Masdra then to grandson Reichismundus an Arian that converted to Catolicism in 465, later renegs, then converts again) |
| 468 | Suevi destroy Cuninbriga.
Geographic divison: North of Douro=Suevi, Center=Visigoths, Algarve=Bizantines |
| 469 | Visigoth Kingdom starts. Leovigildo, then, son Recaredo ( 586-601)
Visigoth Kings through the times: Sisebuto 612 Swintilla 621 Sesnando 633 Quindasvinto 642 Recesvindo 653 Vamba 677 Ervigio 683 Egica 687 Vitiza oposed by Rodrigo 701 |
| 451 | Teodoric slain and Atila is defeated in the last great Roman battle. |
| 476 | Start of Middle Ages - Feudal System - Nobles, Clero, People |
| 550 | Suevi King Charricus becomes Christian and in 559 is joined by his court |
| 576 | Visigoths sent to invade territory of Suevi and end Suevi monarchies |
| 585 | Last Suevi King Andeca loses Bracara to Visigoths and dies in Portucale
Small Suevi pockets remain, like King Vitiza in Tui. |
| 625 | Swintilla (Visigoth) expulses invasion of Bizantines |
| 700 | Viking raids to coastal cities (to 900AD). Many castles built for defense |
| 710 | Visigoth Sonaquilla (dethroned by is brother) invites Berbers in to Iberian Peninsula |
| 711 | Start of Musselman Invasion (Moors) -completed 713. Tarik(Ibn Zaid) Defeated Visigoth King Rodrigo in Janda. He is Joined by Muça. They fight for power and are replaced by Abd-El-Azis (Muça's son) |
| 718 | Battle of Covadonga. Pelagio defeats Moors. First step to reconquest. |
| 868 | Afonso III sends Vimara Peres to establish Portucale as Christian land, fails |
| 987 | Al-Mansur (Arabian from Al Garbe) destroys Coimbra (dies in 1002) |
| 1000 | Mumadona Dias, widow of Hermenegildo Goncalves, builds Guimaraes Castle.
D.Sancho III of Hispania ended Portucale's Independence |
| 1064 | His son Fernando I of Castile took Coimbra but gave it to an Arabe Governor |
| 1065 | The Almoravides (African) took Muslim Spain from arab 'Malik' Batalyaws
Afonso IV of Leon & Castile sent Henrique of Burgundy to defend Lusitania as Conde of Portucale and married him to Afonso's illegitimate daughter Teresa |
| 1095 | Teresa assumes title of Queen Portucale & Coimbra. (Not Recognized by Pope) |
| 1109 | Afonso VI dies, daughter Urraca marries Afonso VII of Castile and Leon. Teresa's son D.Afonso Henriques is born. Aio: D.Egas Moniz (The Honourable). |
| 1128 | Conde Henrique dies. Son D.Afonso Henriques new Conde of Portucale:
Exiles mother 'Queen' Teresa and her scheming favourite Peres de Trava. |
| 1139 | July 25 - Afonso Henriques Wins battle of Ourique to Moors and assumes the title of King. |
| 1143 | Zamora - Afonso H. gains autonomy and is acknowledged by Spain. |
| 1147 | Afonso H. Took Santarem -July, Al-Usbuna(Lisboa) -October and many other cities.
Military help from the 2nd Cruzade to Palestine. Geraldo sem Pavor -Evora |
| 1156 | Formation of Order of Templars of Calatrava. Forais are granted to some Municipalities. |
| 1170 | Formation of Order of Templars of Santiago. Henriques married D.Mafalda |
| 1179 | D.Afonso Henriques recognized King of Portugal by Pope Alexander III |
| 1185 | Son, D Sancho I, Rebuilds.Populates. Takes Alvor+Silves. Defends Santarem |
| 1211 | D Afonso II good administrator consolidates Kingdom. Married D.Urraca |
| 1223 | D Sancho II also good warrior, took Elvas, Serpa, Mertola etc. Later is deposed. |
| 1248 | D Afonso III succeeds D.Sancho II. The rest of Algarve is taken from Moors |
| 1279 | D Diniz. Poet. Economist. Templars to become Order of Christ.
Pine trees planted in Leiria to build ships. Revolt by Infante D.Afonso. Married to D.Isabel de Aragão. |
| 1290 | University of Lisbon (4th in the world) founded and latter transferred to Coimbra (in 1308) |
| 1325 | D Afonso IV succeeds D Diniz. Helped Castela to fight Moors. |
| 1348 | Bubonic plague kills 1/3 of population. Struggle to maintain independence. |
| 1337 | D Pedro I, the Cruel. Loved Spanish Princess D.Inez de Castro that was murdered to avoid that Portugal becomes part of Spain. |
| 1367 | D Fernando married Leonor de Teles. He is candidate to throne of Spain. 100 years war. |
| 1383 | Fernando Dies. Heir D.Beatriz was married to D.Joao King of Spain, he claims the throne.
Interregno. Spanish invasion. Battles of Atoleiros (1384) and Aljubarota(1385) won by D Nuno Alvares Pereira ensures Portuguese independence from Spain. |
| 1385 | D.Joao Master of Avis is acclaimed King, wife is Felipa de Lencastre.
Peace with Spain made. Start of Discoveries: Azores, Madeira, Porto Santo |
| 1415 | Portuguese incursions to Africa -capture of Ceuta. Expedition to Canaries |
| 1418 | Prince D.Henrique (The Navigator) starts the Discoveries -son of Joao I- dies in 1460 |
| 1433 | D Duarte succeeds D.Joao I. Great intellectual wrote 'Leal Conselheiro' |
| 1437 | D.Duarte fails to win Tangier; dies in 1438. D.Fernando Infante Santo |
| 1438 | D Pedro regent -D Afonso V was minor. |
| 1441 | Nuno Tristao Navigated to Cabo Branco, 1441 Senegambia |
| 1458 | Conquests: Alcacer Ceguer, 1463 Casablanca, 1471, Argila and Tangier |
| 1481 | D Joao II (The Perfect); Court in Evora;
Navigations; Disagreements with Spain over Discoveries and Colonies |
| 1488 | Bartolomeo Dias passes Cape Tormentas. Pero Covilha arrives in India |
| 1494 | Bula Papal: World divided in two: half Portugal half Spain, to explore. |
| 1495 | D. Manuel I. Continues Discoveries. Expulsion of Moors and Jews.
Builds Jeronimos, Belem Tower, Convent of Tomar, Pena. Portuguese make First Circumnavigation trip around the world. |
| 1498 | Vasco da Gama arrives in India; Returns in 1502, bombs Calcutta. |
| 1500 | Pedro Alvares Cabral discovers Brazil (independent in 1822), then India. |
| 1521 | D Joao III succeeds D.Manuel and marries Catarina, Charles V's sister. |
| 1536 | Inquisition in Portugal.-1759 Jesuits expelled. Ends in 1820 |
| 1549 | Japan and India: Mission by Jesuit S.Francisco Xavier (1506/1552) |
| 1557 | China: Macau becomes Portuguese. D.Joao III dies. |
| 1568 | D.Sebastiao becomes King at 14. Dies 1578 - battle of Alcacer Quibir |
| 1572 | Lusiadas by Camoes published. Most celebrated Portuguese Epic Poem |
| 1580 | Portugal becomes part of Spain (Filipes II III IV) of House Hapsburg |
| 1588 | Great Spanish Armada, caught in storm, failed invasion of England |
| 1640 | Restoration of Independence - D.Joao IV of the House of Bragança |
| 1656 | Afonso VI-minor Regents: Luisa de Gusmao, Conde Castelo Melhor |
| 1667 | D.Pedro II m.Maria de Saboia good administrator started recuperation |
| 1705 | D.Joao V -Peace, economy, Convent Mafra, Aqueduct Aguas Livres |
| 1750 | D.Jose I- Marques de Pombal -Expulsion of the Jesuits |
| 1755 | Biggest Earthquake. Lisbon is destroyed and rebuilt. Many Jesuits killed in way to Africa. |
| 1759 | Marquesses of Tavora killed by order of Marques de Pombal (1699/1782) |
| 1777 | D.Maria+D.Pedro III. |
| 1807 | Napoleonic Invasions:Junot 1807; Soult 1809; Massena 1810 -All defeated |
| 1816 | D.Joao VI- In Brazil. Reg.D.Maria I. Revolution 1820.Vila-Francada |
| 1822 | Independence of Brazil. After Royal Family returns to Portugal |
| 1826 | D.Pedro IV- Carta constitutional. Abdicated. Lutas Liberais |
| 1828 | D.Miguel Absolutist proclaimed by the Cortes, deposed after revolution in 1834 |
| 1834 | D.Maria II(Restored dies 1853)+D.Fernando II - Political stability. Banned Religious Orders |
| 1853 | D.Pedro V of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Kohary the Good. Regent Fernando II |
| 1856 | Abolition of Slavery in the ultramar by Marquis of Saldanha. |
| 1861 | D.Luis I.(Rebuilds Navy)+Maria Pia Fused Reform+Historical parties. Rotativism. |
| 1889 | D.Carlos I- English Ultimatum received. Treaty of Windsor. Unrest, revolution |
| 1895 | Africa: Mocambique Pacified. Mouzinho de Albuquerque.
King Gongunhana arrested and paraded in Lisboa in chains |
| 1908 | King D. Carlos and Prince Luis Felipe are murdered by Franco-Masons |
| 1909 | D.Manuel II.- Last King. His extensive Library is donated to Portugal |
| 1910 | Republic is proclaimed - Many revolutions and political murders - |
| 1918 | Pres. Sidonio Paes is murdered followed by many others |
| 1922 | Atlantic Crossing by air, pilots Gago Coutinho e Sacadura Cabral |
| 1926 | Revolution of May 28th. Army takes over. |
| 1928 | Economist Salazar becomes Dictator, starts stable government-lasts until 1968 |
| 1974 | Military Revolution (Carnations). Communists in power for 1 year. |
| 1975 | Democracy overseen by Armed Forces Council. Presidential Elections |
| 1976 | Communism Ejected. Free Elections. Mario Soares. Cavaco Silva. |
| 1986 | Portugal Joins European Common Market |
Prepared March 29, 1995 by Ivo Lawrence Azevedo
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