C.
S. LEWIS
Excerpts
from The Problem Of Pain:
·
Nowadays, by LOVE most of us mean kindness - the desire to see others than the self
happy; not happy in this way or in that, but just happy. What would really satisfy us would be a God who
said of anything we happened to like doing, “What does it matter so long as
they are contented?" We want, in fact, not so much a Father in Heaven as a
grandfather in heaven - a senile benevolence who, as they say, "liked to
see young people enjoying themselves" and whose plan for the universe was
simply that it might be truly said at the end of each day, "a good time
was had by all". Not many people,
I admit, would formulate a theology in precisely those terms: but a conception
not very different lurks at the back of many minds. I do not claim to be an
exception: I should very much like to live in a universe which was governed on
such lines. But since it is abundantly clear that I don't, and since I have
reason to believe, nevertheless, that God is Love, I conclude that my
conception of love needs correction.
I might, indeed, have
learned, even from the poets, that Love is something more stern and splendid
than mere kindness: that even the love between the sexes is, as in Dante,
"a lord of terrible aspect". There is kindness in Love: but Love and
kindness are not coterminous, and when kindness (in the sense given above) is
separated from the other elements of Love, it involves a certain fundamental
indifference to its object, and even something like contempt of it. Kindness
consents very readily to the removal of its object - we have all met people
whose kindness to animals is constantly leading them to kill animals lest they
should suffer. Kindness, merely as such, cares not whether its object becomes good
or bad, provided only that it escapes suffering. As Scripture points out, it is
bastards who are spoiled: the legitimate sons, who are to carry on the family
tradition, are punished. It is for people whom we care nothing about that we
demand happiness on any terms: with our friends, our lovers, our children, we
are exacting and would rather see them suffer much than be happy in
contemptible and estranging modes. If God is Love, He is, by definition,
something more than mere kindness. And it appears, from all the records, that
though He has often rebuked us and condemned us, He has never regarded us with
contempt. He has paid us the intolerable compliment of loving us, in the
deepest, most tragic, most inexorable sense.
·
God has no needs.
Human love, as Plato teaches us, is the child of Poverty – of a want or lack;
it is caused by a real or supposed good in its beloved which the lover needs or
desires. But God’s love, far from being caused by goodness in the object,
causes all the goodness which the object has, loving it first into existence
and then into real, though derivative, love-ability.
·
The emotion of shame
has been valued not as an emotion but because of the insight to which it leads.
·
Humility, after the
first shock, is a cheerful virtue: it is the high-minded unbeliever,
desperately trying in the teeth of repeated disillusions to retain his “faith
in human nature”, who is really sad.
·
Of all evils, pain
only is sterilized or disinfected evil. Intellectual evil, or error in its own
right breeds evil, e.g. by strengthening sinful habit and weakening the
conscience. Pain has no tendency to proliferate.
·
There have been times
when I think we do not desire heaven; but more often I find myself wondering
whether, in our heart of hearts, we have ever desired anything else. You may
have noticed that the books you really love are bound together by a secret
thread. You know very well what is the common quality that makes you love them,
though you cannot put it into words: but most of your friends do not see it at
all, and often wonder why, liking this, you should also like that. Again, you
have stood before some landscape, which seems to embody what you have been
looking for all your life; and then turned to the friend at your side who
appears to
be seeing what you saw - but at the first words a gulf yawns between you, and
you realise that this landscape means something totally different to him, that
he is pursuing an alien vision and cares nothing for the ineffable suggestion
by which you are transported. Even in your hobbies, has there not always been
some secret attraction which the others are curiously ignorant of - something,
not to be identified with, but always on the verge of breaking through, the
smell of cut wood in the workshop or the clap-clap of water against the boat's
side? Are not all lifelong friendships born at the moment when at last you meet
another human being who has some inkling (but faint and uncertain even in the
best) of that something which you were born desiring, and which, beneath the flux
of other desires and in all the momentary silences between the louder passions,
night and day, year by year, from childhood to old age, you are looking for,
watching for, listening for? You have never had it. All the things that
have ever deeply possessed your soul have been but hints of it - tantalizing
glimpses, promises never quite fulfilled, echoes that died away just as they
caught your ear. But if it should really become manifest - if there ever came
an echo that did not die away but swelled into the sound itself - you would
know it. Beyond all possibility of doubt you would say: "Here at last is
the thing I was made for". We cannot tell each other about it. It is the
secret signature of each soul, the incommunicable and unappeasable want, the
thing we desired before we met our wives or made our friends or chose our work,
and which we shall still desire on our deathbeds, when the mind no longer knows wife or friend or work. While we are, this
is. If we lose this, we lose all.
Excerpts
from: The Screwtape Letters:
[Purporting
to be correspondence from an experienced devil, “Screwtape”, to his nephew
“Wormwood”, advising the latter as to the techniques of tempting/corrupting a
human ‘patient’. It follows that in the following extracts from Screwtape’s
letters (numbered in brackets), God is sometimes referred to as “The Enemy”,
while the Arch Devil is referred to as “Our Father”.]
·
[As to Prayer] I have
known cases where what the patient called his “God” was actually located up
and to the left at the corner of the bedroom ceiling, or inside his head, or in
a crucifix on the wall. But whatever the nature of the composite object, you
must keep him praying to it –to the thing that he has
made, not to the Person who made him. (4)
·
The Law
of Undulation : Humans are
amphibians - half spirit and half animal. As spirits they belong to the eternal
world, but as animals they inhabit time. This means that while their spirit can
be directed to an eternal object, their bodies, passions and imaginations are
in continual change. Their nearest approach to constancy, therefore, is undulation
- the repeated return to a level from which they repeatedly fall back - a
series of troughs and peaks. - - To get permanent possession of a soul, The
Enemy relies on the troughs even more than the peaks. Our cause is never in
more danger than when a human - no longer desiring but still intending to do
The Enemy’s will - looks round upon a universe from which every trace of Him
seems to have vanished, and asks why he has been forsaken, and still obeys. (8)
·
All mortals tend to
turn into the thing they are pretending to be. (10)
·
A soul arriving in
Hell said: “I see now that I spent most of my life in doing NEITHER what I
might NOR what I liked.” (12)
·
To keep a human from
converting repentance to action, let him, if he has any bent that way, write a
book about it; that is often an excellent way of sterilizing the seeds which
God plants in their souls. Active habits are strengthened with repetition but
passive ones are weakened. The more often one feels without acting, the less he
will ever be able to act, and in the long run, the less he will be able to
feel. (13)
·
To corrupt a human,
keep him always thinking of the past and the future. Never let him live in the
present. The past and the future are in time. The present is timeless
and eternal. Humans live in time, but God destines them to eternity. He wants
them to attend to eternity itself and to that point of time they call the
Present – which is the point at which time touches eternity. (15)
·
[As to marriage] –the
truth is that whenever a man lies with a woman, there, whether they like it or
not, a transcendental relation is set up between them which must be eternally
enjoyed or eternally endured. From the true statement that this transcendental
relation was intended to produce – and, if obediently entered into, too often
will produce – affection and the family, humans can be made to infer the false
belief that the blend of affection, fear and desire which they call “being in
love” is the only thing which makes marriage either happy or holy. (18)
·
When the creation of
man was first mooted and when, even at that stage, The Enemy freely confessed
that he foresaw a certain episode about a cross, Our Father very naturally
sought an interview and asked for an explanation [as to motivation]. The Enemy
gave no reply except to produce the cock-and-bull story about disinterested
Love which he has been circulating ever since. This, Our Father naturally
could not accept. He implored The Enemy to lay his cards on the table,
admitting that he felt a real anxiety to know the secret; The Enemy replied, “I
wish with all my heart that you did.” (19)
·
Our Father always encourages
in humans the sense of ownership – ownership of life, body, time, etc. Humans
are always putting up claims to ownership which sound equally funny in Heaven
and Hell. Much of the modern resistance to chastity comes from man’s beliefs
that they “own” their bodies – those vast and perilous estates, pulsating with
the energy that made the worlds, in which they find themselves without their
consent and from which they are ejected at the pleasure of Another. (21)
·
Certainly we do not
want men to allow their Christianity to flow over into their political life,
for the establishment of anything like a really just society would be a major
disaster. (23)
·
We have trained them
(humans) to think of the future as a promised land which favoured heroes attain
– not as something everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour,
whatever he does, whoever he is. (25)
·
Where ‘nominal’
unselfishness has been established ‘as a rule’, it is often impossible to find
out either A or B’s real wishes; Often they end up doing something that neither
wants, each feeling a glow of self-righteousness and a secret grudge against
the other -- (26)
·
The Enemy sees as
well as we that COURAGE is not simply ONE of the virtues, but rather the form
of EVERY virtue at the testing point, which means at the point of highest
reality. A chastity or honesty or mercy which yields to danger will be chaste
or honest or merciful only on conditions. Pilate was merciful until it became
risky. --- The ACT of cowardice is all that matters; the emotion of fear, in
itself, is no sin and, though Our Father enjoys it, does him no good. (29)
Excerpts
from: A GRIEF OBSERVED
[C.
S. Lewis, an Oxford literature professor and
don, had been a bachelor, and in his late '50s had been interviewed by an
American divorcee n/o Joy Davidman, concerning an earlier book of his. They
became quite intellectually interested in each other, and then she came down
with terminal cancer and was dying. To safeguard the security of her two young
sons, Lewis married her while she was hospitalized and adopted her boys.
Then Joy had a remission, left the hospital, the two fell completely in love
and for several months were together in all ways. Then Joy’s cancer came back
with a vengeance and she died, some 3 years after they'd originally met.
To
better understand his grief, within the first month after Joy's death Lewis
started writing a set of four notebooks about what he was going through and what
he was learning, and eventually this material was consolidated as a
little book and published.
This
was C. S. Lewis’ last book, for he himself died soon after of renal failure]
·
The death of a
beloved is an amputation.
·
'It was too perfect to
last,' so I am tempted to say of our marriage. But it can be meant in two ways.
It may be grimly pessimistic - as if God no sooner saw two of His creatures
happy than He stopped it ('None of that here!'). As if He were like the Hostess
at the sherry-party who separates two guests the moment they show signs of
having got into a real conversation. But it could also mean 'This had reached
its proper perfection. This had become what it had in it to be. Therefore of
course it would not be prolonged.' As if God said, 'Good; you have mastered
that exercise. I am very pleased with it. And now you are ready to go on to the
next
· … And then one or other dies. And we think of this as love cut short; like a dance stopped in mid-career or a flower with its head unluckily snapped off— something truncated and therefore, lacking its due shape. I wonder. If, as I can’t help suspecting, the dead also feel the pains of separation (and this may be one of their purgatorial sufferings), then for both lovers, and for all pairs of lovers without exception, bereavement is a universal and integral part of our experience of love. It follows marriage as normally as marriage follows courtship or as autumn follows summer. It is not a truncation of the process but one of its phases; not the interruption of the dance, but the next figure. We are ‘taken out of ourselves’ by the loved one while she is here. Then comes the tragic figure of the dance in which we must learn to be still taken out of ourselves though the bodily presence is withdrawn, to love the very Her, and not fall back to loving our past, or our memory, or our sorrow, or our relief from sorrow, or our own love.
· I have always been able to pray for the dead, and I still do, with some confidence. But when I try to pray for H. [as he calls Joy Davidman in this journal], I halt.
[And
this feeling I well understand. The beloved is so much a part of ourselves that
we do not have the perspective of distance. How do we pray for what is part of
own heart?]
· Five senses; an incurably abstract intellect; a haphazardly selective memory; a set of preconceptions and assumptions so numerous that I can never examine more than a minority of them – never become even conscious of them all. How much of total reality can such an apparatus let through?
· Rebuke, explain, mock, forgive. For this is one of the miracles of love; it gives – to both, but perhaps especially to the woman – a power of seeing through its own enchantments and yet not being disenchanted.
· Once very near the end I said, 'If you can -- if it is allowed -- come to me when I too am on my death bed.' 'Allowed!' she said. 'Heaven would have a job to hold me; and as for Hell, I'd break it into bits’.
·
How wicked it would
be, if we could, to call the dead back! She said not to me but to the chaplain,
‘I am at peace with God.’ She smiled, but not at me. Poi si tornò all eterna
fontana. [Then I return to the eternal fountain]
Keith and Marnie Elliott’s “REMEDY” Site
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